Seasonal variation in the diel activity of a dung beetle assemblage

The seasonal and diel variations of dung beetle species were studied in an Iberian mid-mountain locality to examine the interaction between these two temporal rhythms. We assume that a variation activity would support notion both rhythms may assist achieving quick flexible response when climatic conditions change. Data coming from 4,104 pitfall traps placed during 15 sampling periods totalling 30 daily cycles analysed using circular statistics General Linear Models. A wide variety patterns are observed, highlighting those with clear unimodal or spring-autumn bimodal pattern. However, midday pattern is norm most species, except case exhibiting high body weight prefer dusk night periods. hypothesize fly at noon promote passive heating their muscle minimize metabolic energy expenditure. Results only partially activity. Diel preferences mainly manifested time year which abundance greater. Approximately two-thirds considered exhibit similar along active period. As consequence, significant portion currently inhabiting Mediterranean mid-mountains not able use limit inconveniences climate